瑞士联邦(德语:Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft,法语:Confédération suisse,意大利语:Confederazione Svizzera,罗曼什语:Confederaziun svizra),简称“瑞士”(英语:Switzerland),是中欧国家之一,全国划分为26个州。瑞士北邻德国,西邻法国,南邻意大利,东邻奥地利和列支敦士登。全境以高原和山地为主,有“欧洲屋脊”之称。伯尔尼是联邦政府的所在地。
瑞士历史上曾有雇佣兵制度,后来才改采武装中立。11世纪受神圣罗马帝国统治。1291年8月1日,乌里州、施维茨州和下瓦尔登三个州在反对哈布斯堡王朝的斗争中秘密结成永久同盟,此即瑞士建国之始。1815年维也纳会议确认瑞士为永久中立国。此后瑞士从未卷入过任何形式的战争。1848年制定宪法,设立瑞士联邦委员会,成为统一的联邦制国家。在两次世界大战中均保持中立。但同时也参与国际事务,许多国际性组织的总部都设在瑞士。
瑞士是一个高度发达的资本主义国家,也是全球最富裕、社会最安定、经济最发达和拥有最高生活水准的国家之一,全球创新指数位列第一。其旅游资源丰富,有世界公园的美誉;其人均GDP一直居世界前列,在欧洲仅次于卢森堡。瑞士还是世界上最为稳定的经济体之一。 其政策的长期性、安全的金融体系和银行的保密体制使瑞士成为避税投资者的安全避风港。由于拥有发达的金融产业,服务业在瑞士经济中也占有日益重要的地位。
2015年10月28日,瑞士当选联合国人权理事会成员,任期自2016年至2018年。
As multicultural people with no fewer than four national languages, the Swiss refer to their August 1st holiday by many names: Schweizer Bundesfeiertag (German), Fête Nationale Suisse (French), Festa Nazionale Svizzera (Italian), and Fiasta naziunala Svizra (Romansh).
Today’s Doodle celebrates Switzerland’s National Day, a commemoration of the 1291 alliance between the cantons of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, resulting in the Swiss Federation. This historic pact is now regarded as the birth of modern Switzerland. The Schwyz coat of arms—a white cross within a field of red—eventually became the nation’s flag, as depicted in the Doodle art.
Many Swiss citizens start the holiday by visiting a farm for a traditional farmer’s brunch of Müsli cereal, eggs, and potato cakes or Rösti. Official festivities include concerts, cultural presentations, speeches, and fireworks in major cities like Zürich, Basel, Geneva, Bern, and Lugano. Some bakeries prepare special rolls called Zopf, and church bells in Switzerland ring in unison at 8 o’clock in the evening.
Special ceremonies take place at the Rütli Meadows by Lake Lucerne, where the Swiss Confederation is said to have been founded. On hills and other high ground around Switzerland, bonfires are lit while children carry paper lanterns through the streets.
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